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Question 1

According to Rick Strahl's blog post discussed in the episode, what is a primary reason that modern code signing certificates must be stored as non-exportable either on certified online authorities or hardware security modules?

To reduce the cost of certificate issuance by eliminating hardware tokens. To prevent keys from being copied and misused by unauthorized parties. Because exportable certificates are no longer supported by modern operating systems. To allow developers to easily transfer certificates between their devices.

Question 2

What pricing and usage model does Microsoft's Azure Trusted Signing service offer for code signing certificates as reported in the episode?

A monthly subscription with a fixed number of signatures and additional charges per signature over the quota, with non-EV certificates. A one-time purchase of a perpetual certificate with unlimited signing capabilities. Annual EV certificates with unlimited signing count included in a lump sum payment. Free code signing certificates restricted to minimal usage and only for open-source projects.

Question 3

How does a Timestamp Authority (TSA) ensure that code signed with a short-lived certificate remains trusted long after the certificate's expiration?

By extending the certificate's expiration automatically upon each verification attempt. By providing a verifiable timestamp counter-signature certifying the exact signing time within the certificate's validity period. By embedding the public key permanently into the code binary, bypassing the need for a certificate. By reissuing the code signature each time the certificate expires to maintain validity.

Question 4

What is a significant operational challenge that Rick Strahl highlights about setting up Microsoft's Azure Trusted Signing service?

The absence of any documentation or online resources to guide users through the process. Mandatory hardware dongles that are expensive and hard to obtain. Complex dependency management and confusing Azure nomenclature, requiring multiple tools and a steep learning curve. Incompatibility with most development environments and operating systems, limiting its usability.

Question 5

What is the main functional difference between the validation of TLS web server certificates and code signing certificates, as explained in the episode?

TLS certificates are validated in real time at each connection, while code signing certificates only need to be valid at the time the code was originally signed. TLS certificates only verify encryption capability, code signing certificates guarantee malware-free software. Code signing certificates require continuous online verification, whereas TLS certificates are self-contained and offline verifiable. TLS certificates do not expire, but code signing certificates require annual renewal for each executable.

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Episode #1060 Quiz

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Question 5